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IS NOOGENESIS
PROGRESSING?
Maria Luiza
Glycerio and Janice B. Paulsen
Confronted
with the powerful forces of destruction against humanity and
our planet, so evident as we enter this third millenium, can
we still hope for progress in the collective development of
Teilhard's "conscience planétaire"?
1.
Noogenesis and the Noosphere
First, let us clarify these two
words which cause such great misunderstanding of the two
realities to which they refer.
Noogenesis, from the Greek noos =
psyche (soul, spirit, thought, mind, consciousness) and
genesis = origin (formation, creation, such as "the creation
of the world"), is a word which indicates the act of the
creation of something psychic.
Noosphere, also from the Greek noos
= psyche (soul, spirit, thought, mind, consciousness) and
sphere (a body limited by a round surface), is a word which
represents the psychic layer born of Noogenesis which is
growing and enveloping our planet above the Biosphere (the
mass of living beings which covers the globe).
When Man first appeared in nature,
"at the heart of the primates", [he] "flourished on
the leading shoot of evolution" (PM p. 36.), or to
more exactly translate Teilhard's French "axe et
flèche de l'Evolution" as "Evolution's Arrow" (PH
p.24). He was like the other creatures except that he bore
within himself a very special difference: the still dormant
capacity for reflection. During the earliest evolutionary
phases of hominization, the first hominoids had a brain
containing the latent capacity to reflect, but an as yet
primitive nervous system. The dispersive movement of the
first peopling of the Earth did not favor communication
within communal gatherings. Later, however, during the early
evolutionary stage of Homo Sapiens at the dawn of the
Neolithic Age, humanity began to come together, forming a
convergent line on the Earth; grouping had become a
necessity. This favorable circumstance encouraged man to
cross the "Threshold of Reflection". At that point a very
special phenomenon began to take place, the birth of a new
planetary sphere, above the Biosphere : the Noosphere.
Noogenesis is the name given to this process of creating a
new planetary envelope formed entirely by human thought.
(PM, pp. 164-166.)
Thus the result of Noogenesis
is the birth of the Noosphere: a more mature, expansive and
definitive layer, in an ongoing process of convergence of
the collective thought of Homo Sapiens. It is open to every
subtle modification from the primitive stage until it can
encompass all human knowledge, all ideas and all the
increasingly complex technologies, indeed the entire
planetary consciousness.
In order that the brain might
become capable of this almost unlimited absorption and that
human thought might be able to develop up to modern times,
Man's brain and nervous systems have had to undergo
essential modifications. In the primitive brain certain
structures were already capable of developing in a movement
similar to that of Evolution, a movement of "turning inward
upon itself", characterized by two specific forms. One can
differentiate them into soma, which expresses the general
phenotype, and phrên, which evolves at the same time
but with different rhythms and functions (GZH, Chap.
2, p.57). Of particular interest is the phrên, a Greek
word which refers to psyche or mind, since it is the human
psyche which is going to "nourish" the special planetary
sphere called the Noosphere.
Beginning with the minimally
complex organism of the fish, ancestor of man in the
Chordate-Vertebrate branch of the "Tree of Life" (PM,
pp. 122-140), one can distinguish "two particularly
significant zones of the brain mass" (GZH, p.62) : the
cerebellum or "the little brain", and the two cerebral
hemispheres. These are zones that have evolved more
than the others and that man possesses in a scale of much
greater complexity, in the great evolutionary line of
"involution" (GZH, pp.62-150):
Thus, what the Comparative
Anatomy of living forms teaches us (without even any
recourse to Paleontology), is that from group to group,
beginning with the Fish, two particularly significant zones
of the brain mass tend to take precedence over the others,
that is say tend to concentrate within themselves the
progress of cephalization: on one hand, the cerebellum, -
and on the other, above all, the cerebral hemispheres; the
latter undergoing in the most advanced Reptiles (Birds), and
even more so in the Mammals (at least apart from several
layers, and following certain phyla), a rapid, revolutionary
and all invasive development: up to the point of
monopolizing so to speak the cranial cavity and covering the
cerebellum." (GZH, p.62)
Evidently, Man's brain is
becoming better equipped. However, confronted with so many
destructive forces at the end of this millennium, one can
wonder if the brain will become sufficiently complex,
sufficiently reflective in the "noospheric" sense, to be
able to illuminate the way for the future. Will there be a
new complexification or orientation in the Mind of Man so
that Humanity may avoid its self-destructive route in the
future, so that Noogenesis may progress along the
evolutionary path toward "collective human reflection ? Will
Man, "the axis and leading shoot of Evolution" (PM p. 36),
become more open-minded towards his "Neighbor", and more
spiritually open towards the source of his Creation? Will
the Evolutionary process cause Man to chose to employ all
the enormous material and technico-social resources of the
planet in order to create more economic, social and
spiritual ties, rather than allow Humanity to capitulate to
the forces of repulsion and disintegration?
2. The
Rebound of Evolution
Teilhard has expressed his
conviction that with the Earth now undergoing the
"Socialization of compression" Humanity has entered a period
of "The Rebound of Evolution and Neo-cerebralization"
and is evolving "Towards more brain" (GZH,
p.148-150):
"In this manner, in the
interior of the Noosphere in process of compression, [we
have] a new chain, particularly central and direct:
the cerebralization (a higher order effect and
parameter of cosmic involution) closing in upon itself in a
process of self-completion; an auto-cerebralization of
Humanity becoming the most concentrated expression of the
reflective rebound of Evolution.*
*"Here reappears and becomes
accentuated up to the point of becoming dominant, the
distinction between soma and phrên posited
above, (GZH, Chap. 2, p.57) - With the appearance on
Earth of the "Socialization of compression" (where the
important factor is no longer the multiplication of
individuals, but their ultra-cerebralizing arrangement) a
new regime of biological evolution establishes itself; in
fact, one in which the individuals, all the while still
functioning as links by their germen (phyletic reproduction
within the Human phylum, in the form of still recognizable
hereditary fibers, although more and more intermingled), are
affirming themselves, by their phrên, as constituatory
elements of the "noospheric brain" (the organ of collective
human reflection)."
Evolution, Teilhard has assured us,
is not complete; it is rebounding in the same process of
"curving back upon itself"; but this time as an Evolution
conscious of itself, thus giving birth to a new stage of
Noogenesis, which did not stop after the creation of the
Noosphere. Quite the contrary, by the very overpopulation of
the Earth, Noogenesis is progressing rapidly towards the
future, right before our very eyes.
Then how are we to recognize
this progression, this new stage of Noogenesis? Is there any
hope for a real planetary consciousness in the third
millennium? Dare we hope for an age in which Matter will be
put to the service of the Mind rather than the exact
opposite which occurs today? If so, how does this change
take place?
According to Teilhard, this
rebound of Evolution is taking place by subtle mutations,
from generation to generation along a continuum, following
the genetic phylum begun in the shadows of the enormous Past
of Mankind. It is visible to alert eyes in the small nuances
that one observes in each difference noticeable in the space
of a few generations. Let us take the phenomenon of
Prolepsis, or the difference in height between a given
generation and its descendents. Let us say, for example,
that F 2 is taller than F 1. This phenomenon has already
been observed by science for several decades and is becoming
more frequent. Noticed before only in the peoples of
northern Europe, this phenomenon is evident today in peoples
of the entire world, without distinction of race or
color.
Parallel to this mutation,
there is an increasing difference in the IQ of younger
generations; one can easily observe a noticeable difference
in favor of the F2 generation. That proves, recalling the
Law of Complexity-Consciousness that rules Evolution and
keeping in mind the development of the structures of the
brain, that this is a question of a movement of
Cerebralization. This is a cerebral complexification, as
physical as it is psychic: physical, given the
specialization of the neurons with the augmentation of nerve
fibers necessary in order to occupy more space in a physical
body of greater height and a more complex brain; and
psychic, in relation to the behavior of Man, who, following
the principle law, is becoming more conscious of himself and
seeking more and more Individuation through an inner
convergence in harmony with the evolutionary
directive.
Teilhard has reminded us,
however, that "Evolution is a primarily psychic
transformation" (PH p. 163). Thus, due to the "organic
limits of the brain", the movement in the future will be in
the direction of the Mind of Mankind (PM p. 278)
.
"...followed upward towards
the very large complexes, the same 'psychic ' element from
its first appearance in beings, manifests, in relation to
its matrix of ' complexity ', a growing tendency to mastery
and autonomy. At the origins of life, it would seem to have
been the focus of arrangement (F 1) which, in each
individual element, engenders and controls its related focus
of consciousness (F 2). But, higher up, the equilibrium is
reversed. Quite clearly, first from the ' individual
threshold of reflection ' ---if not before--- it is F 2
which begins to take charge (by ' invention ') of the
progress of F 1. Then, higher still,...at the approaches
(conjectured) of collective reflection, we find F 2
apparently breaking away from its temporo-spatial frame to
join up with the supreme and universal focus Omega.After
emergence comes emersion. In the perspectives of cosmic
involution, not only does consciousness become co-extensive
with the universe, but the universe rests in equilibrium and
consistency, in the form of thought, on a supreme pole of
interiorisation." (PM p. 309)
A question occurs at this point,
for which the response is almost impossible to find, so
hidden in the depths of time at the beginning hominization.
Is the evolution of Mankind a question of one single genetic
phylum or rather of diverse phyla? If it is a question of
diverse phyla, that would explain the difference between the
races of man and the dispersive peopling of the earth in the
beginning, ---apparently without logic, by chance, ---but
later grouping themselves together and establishing distinct
zones of the planet.
This question has perhaps
already been considered and discussed by modern scholars,
who, thanks to Modern Science, now have more resources in
order to lift the veil of these ancient
"mysteries",
In Teilhard's opinion "all
human lines join up genetically, but at the bottom, at the
very point of reflection". (PM p. 188) He further states, in
a footnote, his conviction that "the Science of Man can come
out decisively, it seems, in favor of monophyletism (a
single phylum)".
Here we have, in essence, the
explanation of the single genetic phylum in the beginning.
It is not likely that science can prove empirically the
veracity of the different phyla theory. That is unfortunate,
for we are left in the dangerous territory of questions
without answers, important questions which relate to the new
dimension of Man and his psyche.
Nevertheless, when examining
man's behavior today, we have to scrutinize his deeper
motivations and not get lost in needlessly detailed
considerations of his physical structure, however perfected,
which seems to crown Evolution. Rather, in order that this
human phenomenon may have a sense, we have to suppose
another dynamic structure in Man --- his Mind or Soul; which
would seem to have no discernable "dwelling place" in all
these specialized cerebral ramifications; ---but which is
going to orient his psychic behavior from this time forward
towards greater spiritual development in order to prepare
for the coming age.
Teilhard firmly believed that
"the march of Humanity, as a prolongation of that of all
other animate forms, develops indubitably in the direction
of a conquest of Matter put to the service of the Mind.
...Thought might artificially perfect the thinking
instrument itself; life might rebound forward under the
collective effect of its Reflection." (Survival, PM pp.
249-250)1
(1 More detailed quotations
from this final book of the Phenomenon of Man may be found
at: PM: Book IV-Survival. )
It would seem that there is
still a long march ahead for Humanity "in the direction of a
conquest of Matter put to the service of the Mind" as this
millennium draws to a close.
In despair of finding "peace
on Earth", much less thinking of peace at home; in order to
escape conflicts and distance himself from the negative
forces of disintegration, repulsion, materialization,
mechanization, totalitarianism, and false ideologies which
destroy reflection; the thinking man of today interiorizes
by turning inward upon himself in the quest of greater
Individuation. He seems prone to "break away as far as
possible from the crowd of others ...to be more alone so as
to increase his being". (PM pp. 237-238) By the excesses of
his individualization and his struggle for the "good life",
he all too often succumbs to the doctrines of materialism,
survival of the fittest and racism, or he dreams of getting
away from others and the Earth by seeking other planets or
other dimensions of existence.
3.
Effects on the Noosphere
This whole process of the
rebound of Evolution could not take place without being in
conformity with the principle law of
Complexity-Consciousness; and without simultaneously
encompassing the planetary corpusculization of the entire
Cosmos which, following the law of Convergence ("All that
rises, converges"), leads us to envision a Universe which is
turning inward upon itself while expanding.
It is as if this process of
convergence were subjugating our little planet, with its
tendencies, recognized by Modern Science, of entropy and
disintegration of energy. However, these processes are not
entirely negative. Although entropy destroys order; at the
same time, with the energy saved from on-going
disintegration, it contributes to the construction of new
parameters of order at a higher level, based on the
mutations born of the Noosphere in process of
compression.
Since the Noosphere is an
envelope made up of human thought and information, it
evolves along with the totality of this planetary
consciousness. Yet, man today in this age of Socialization
of Compression seems primarily preoccupied with trying to
escape the tensions produced by ethnic overpopulation,
the still menacing Totalitarianisms, the
aforementioned Entropy and Disintegration of Energy as well
as the fear that increasing ecological disasters
are destroying the resources of our planet.. These
factors all seem to render impossible the perspectives of a
worthwhile and peaceful existence for mankind in the near
future.
It would appear that we are
arriving at an impasse. Could the Noosphere be reaching its
Saturation point, -- a point at which its chances of success
or lack of success are already either irreversible or not
even worthy of concern in the eyes of materialistic modern
man?
What can be done to herald,
foster and ensure the positive outcome of the Socialization
of compression, ---the "auto-cerebralization of Humanity
becoming the most concentrated expression of the reflective
rebound of Evolution"? (GZH, p.148-150.)
4.
Possible Outcomes for the End of the Terrestrial
World
In his article,
"Noosphère et hypermonde", Pierre Berger,
journalist for Le Monde Informatique, cites these thoughts
of Teilhard (from L'Avenir de l'Homme - "The Future of Man")
concerning the possible outcomes for Evolution and
the terrestrial world :
(AH, p. 360*) "Omega (is) the
great attractive force of the regime of compressive
socialization that we have just entered; nothing leads us to
foresee its relaxation, much less its end. Granted such
conditions, it will do us no good, evidently, to seek to
evade the whirlwind pressing in on us. Quite the contrary,
it is extremely important that we learn, in the midst of
this turmoil, how to orient ourselves and how to conduct
ourselves spiritually; so that this totalizing restraint to
which we are submitted might result, not in dehumanizing us
by mechanization, but rather (as it seems possible) in
super-humanizing us, by intensifying our capacities to
understand and to love.
... Without a doubt, deep
down in the most spiritualized zones of our being, certain
interior needs subsist which are inexorably forcing us to
pursue our forward march. ... Doubling, and little by little
relaying the push coming from the bottom, the appearance of
an attraction descending from the top reveals itself as
organically indispensable for the rest of the operation; ---
indispensable for sustaining the vital evolutionary thrust;
and indispensable, at the same time, for surrounding
Humanity in the process of totalization with the psychic
warmth, the cordial atmosphere; without which the
economico-technical grip on the world would only result in
crushing souls one against another, without ever succeeding
in welding them together and unifying them. ...There can be
...only one kind of Universe ---convergent,
[with]---some illumination, some vivifying
revelation at the end of the tunnel..."
(AH, p. 363*) "Two partially
divergent solutions present themselves. ...According to one
(the "collectivist solution "), it would suffice, in order
to assure the biological success of our evolution, that
Humanity succeed somewhat in arranging itself globally in a
sort of closed circuit where each thinking element...
connected with all others might arrive at a certain final
clarity of vision and a certain warmth of mutual
understanding ---yet all of this without any appearance of a
center. ... According to the opposing hypothesis (the
"personalist solution"), ... it is just such a Center of
assemblage, it is precisely such a capstone that must be
anticipated and applied. .... If indeed... a real form of
love does not surge up in the heart of evolution ---love
stronger than all private egotism and all special passion,
---how can one ever expect the Noosphere to stabilize? ...In
all truth, in order to hold together the human multitude
without crushing it, ....a powerful and simultaneously
irreversible field of attraction appears indispensable...
Thus, have been reasoning and feeling (at least implicitly)
for two thousand years, all Christians. And thus, under the
urgency of events, will find themselves obliged to think, an
ever increasing number of biologists and psychologists. So
much so, that the greatest event today in the course of the
history of the Earth would be indeed perhaps just that
gradual discovery ... not only of Some Thing, but of Some
One at the summit engendered by the convergence upon itself
of the Universe in evolution."
* Translated by Janice
B. Paulsen from the French citations in Pierre Berger's
"Noosphère et hypermonde".
What then can be predicted as the
final outcome for the terrestrial world?
According to Teilhard, that
will depend on us, on our refusal or our acceptance of this
"SomeOne at the summit". He envisions two almost
contradictory possible outcomes, yet indicates that in any
case we must turn our efforts toward "the Good". (Survival,
pp. 287-289)
(p. 287-288) "The end of the world:
the overthrow of equilibrium, detaching the mind, fulfilled
at last, from its material matrix, so that it will
henceforth rest with all its weight on
God-Omega."
(p. 288) "The end of the
world: critical point simultaneously of emergence and
emersion, of maturation and escape."
According to the first
hypothesis, ...evil on the earth at its final state will be
reduced to a minimum. ...The final convergence will take
place in peace.2
(Note 2 - Though at the same
time ---since a critical point is being approached ---in
extreme tension. ...)
But there is another
possibility. Obeying a law from which nothing in the past
has ever been exempt, evil may go on growing alongside good,
and it too may attain its paroxysm at the end in some
specifically new form.
There are no summits without
abysses.
Are we to foresee a
mechanizing synergy under brute force, or a synergy of
sympathy? Are we to foresee man seeking to fulfil himself
collectively upon himself, or personally on a greater than
himself?
Refusal or acceptance of
Omega? A conflict may supervene."
pp. 288-289 "In that case,
the noosphere, in the course of and by virture of the
process which draws it together, will when it has reached
its point of unification, split into two zones each
attracted to an opposite pole of adoration. ...Universal
love would only vivify and detach finally a fraction of the
noosphere so as to consummate it ---the part which decided
to ' cross the threshold ', to get outside itself into the
other.
Ramification once again, for
the last time."
Therefore, the only possible way
out would be of the spiritual order, having confidence in
the great and laborious work of Evolution; which, having
succeeded in creating human beings with such care, cannot be
conceived as having been organized by chance. We need to
confirm, with Teilhard, that "Yes", this is a directed
Evolution, conscious of itself; for there is a Motor which
orients it and attracts it to Itself, the Omega Point. Then,
why not say it? This "Motor" is God, the generating and at
the same time final principle; which is realizing within
itself the meeting of the two poles of attraction, the Alpha
and the Omega, and giving Man the conscious thought, the
Mind, the Soul, the Faith and the Energy of Love in order to
continue his way of Peace in the Construction of a better
Future for all. 1
1 Is not this what Saint Paul
has already told us in his letter to the Ephésiens
(1:9-10, RSV)? "For God has made known to us in all wisdom
and insight the mystery of his will, according to his
purpose which he set forth in Christ as a plan for the
fullness of time, to unite all things in him, things in
heaven and things on earth."
This is what Saint Paul
called the "Pleroma", as Teilhard explains in the second
chapter of Le Milieu Divin: (The Divine Milieu, p. 122):
"What is the supreme and complex reality for which the
divine operation moulds us? It is revealed to us by Saint
Paul and Saint John. It is the quantitative repletion and
the qualitative consummation of all things: it is the
mysterious Pleroma, in which the substantial one and the
created many fuse without confusion in a whole which,
without adding anything essential to God, will nevertheless
be a sort of triumph and generalisation of being. ...The
active center, the living link, the organising soul of the
Pleroma is Christ."
"Christ, the Capstone of
Evolution" :
Teilhard gives witness to the
reality of his faith in the Christ Évoluteur - "
Christ, the Capstone of Evolution" in the Epilogue of the
Human Phenomenon: The Christian Phenomenon, (PM pp. 293-294)
:
(pp. 293-294) "As early as in
St. Paul and St. John we read that to create, to fulfil and
to purify the world is, for God, to unify it by uniting it
organically with himself. How does he unify it? By partially
immersing himself in things, by becoming 'element ', and
then, from this point of vantage in the heart of matter,
assuming the control and leadership of what we now call
evolution, Christ, principle of universal vitality because
sprung up as man among men, put himself in the position
(maintained ever since) to subdue under himself, to purify,
to direct and superanimate the general ascent of
consciousnesses into which he inserted himself. By a
perennial act of communion and sublimation, he aggregates to
himself the total psychism of the earth. And when he has
gathered everything together and transformed everything, he
will close in upon himself and his conquests, thereby
rejoining, in a final gesture, the divine focus he has never
left. Then, as St. Paul tells us, God shall be all in
all."
(p. 294) "The universe
fulfilling itself in a synthesis of centres in perfect
conformity with the laws of union. God, the Centre of
centres. In that final vision the Christian dogma
culminates. And so exactly, so perfectly does this coincide
with the Omega Point that doubtless I should never have
ventured to envisage the latter or formulate the hypothesis
rationally if, in my consciousness as a believer, I had not
found not only its speculative model but also its living
reality.
5. The Progress
of Noogenesis in this Third Millennium???
Under what form, along what
lines, therefore, can we expect Noogenesis to progress in
the future?
Here, written more than fifty
years ago, is Teilhard's optimistic vision of the future
development of Noogenesis (Survival, pp. 279-280, p.
287):
(p. 277) " Assuming success
---which is the only acceptable assumption ---under what
form and along what lines can we imagine progress developing
during this period?
---In the first place, in a
collective and spiritual form. We have noticed that, since
man's advent, there has been a certain slowing down of the
passive and somatic transformations of the organism in
favour of the conscious and active metamorphoses of the
individual absorbed in society. We find the artificial
carrying on the work of the natural ; and the transmission
of an oral or written culture being superimposed on genetic
forms of heredity (chromosomes)."
(p. 278) It may well be that
in its individual capacities and penetration our brain has
reached its organic limits. But the movement does not stop
there. From west to east, evolution is henceforth occupied
elsewhere, in a rich and more complex domain, constructing,
with all minds joined together, mind. Beyond all nations and
races, the inevitable taking-as-a-whole of mankind has
already begun
(p. 285) "Always pushing
forward ...and taking advantage of the immense duration it
has still to live, mankind has enormous possibilities before
it.
Since the threshold of
reflection, we have entered into an entirely new field of
evolution, ---thanks to the astonishing properties of '
artifice ' which separate the instrument from the organ and
enable one and the same creature to intensify and vary the
modalities of action indefinitely without losing anything of
its freedom; and thanks to the prodigious power of thought
to bring together and combine in a single conscious effort
all the human particles."
(p. 286) "...We have as yet
no idea of the possible magnitude of ' noospheric ' effects,
---human vibrations resounding by the million ---a whole
layer of consciousness exerting simultaneous pressure upon
the future and the collected and hoarded produce of a
million years of thought. Have we ever tried to form an idea
of what such magnitudes represent?1
(Note 1 - ...each supporting
the other (making a single arch or a single mirror) our
modern souls see and feel today a world such as (in size,
inter-connections and potentialities) escaped all the great
men of antiquity. To this progress in consciousness, could
anyone dare to object that there has been no corresponding
advance in the profound structure of being?)"
As these words of Jean-Pierre
Luminet, astrophysicist, director of research at the French
National Center of Scientific Research , bear witness, the
"collected and hoarded produce" of planetary Consciousness
is indeed evidenced by the Internet as this second
millennium comes to an end; giving reality to the active,
on-going progress of Teilhard's predicted "noospheric"
effects:
"With the Internet this
famous planetary consciousness, so extolled by precursors
such as Teilhard de Chardin, becomes obvious. In the
cyberworld, the notion of foreigner does not
exist."
And the Noospheric Progress
in this third millennium?
--- THAT WILL BE UP TO
US!
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<http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jacques.abbatucci/avenir.htm>.
16. Teilhard de Chardin -
Quotations from The Phenomenon of Man, English
edition, Harper & Row, New York 1975 (Groupe de Caen):
Quotations - The Phenomenon of Man : <
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jacques.abbatucci/quotations.htm>.
17. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin :
"Tout ce qui monte, converge" (Maria Luiza Glycerio):
<http://www.trip.com.br/teilhard/francais.htm>.
18. Teilhard de Chardin eGroup -
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/teilhard>
Enroll online or by email :
Janice B. Paulsen
<jpaulsen@facstaff.richmond.edu>
19. Teilhard de Chardin : "la
Noogénèse, progresse-t-elle ?" (Maria Luiza
Glycerio et Janice B. Paulsen) :
<http://www.richmond.edu/~jpaulsen/teilhard/noogenes.html.
20. Teilhard de Chardin: "Is
Noogenesis progressing?" (Maria Luiza Glycerio and Janice B.
Paulsen) :
<http://www.richmond.edu/~jpaulsen/teilhard/isnoogen.html.
21. Teilhard de Chardin - Citations
de l'édition du Seuil Collection Essais (1955) du
Phénomène Humain (Janice B. Paulsen. QF) :
<http://www.richmond.edu/~jpaulsen/teilhard/citation.html.
22. Teilhard de Chardin - Citations
de l'édition du Seuil Collection Essais (1955) du
Phénomène Humain with additional Quotations
from The Phenomenon of Man, English edition, Harper &
Row, New York 1975 (Janice B. Paulsen. QF): IV. La
Survie:
<http://www.richmond.edu/~jpaulsen/teilhard/survie.html.
23. Teilhard de Chardin -
Quotations from The Phenomenon of Man, English edition,
Harper & Row, New York, 1975 (Janice B. Paulsen. QF):
Quotations from Book IV - Survival :
<http://www.richmond.edu/~jpaulsen/teilhard/survival.html>.
24. Teilhard de Chardin -
Quotations from The Phenomenon of Man, English edition,
Harper & Row, New York, 1975 (Janice B. Paulsen. QF):
Quotations - Post Script : The Essence of the Phenomenon of
Man:
<http://www.richmond.edu/~jpaulsen/teilhard/psquotes.html>.
25. Citations du Groupe Zoologique
Humain (Maria Luiza Glycerio et Janice B. Paulsen) :
<http://www.richmond.edu/~jpaulsen/teilhard/GZHcitations.html.
26. Quotations from the Groupe
Zoologique Humain (extracts cited by Maria Luiza Glycerio
and translated into English by Janice B. Paulsen) :
<http://www.richmond.edu/~jpaulsen/teilhard/GZHquotes.html.
27. Teilhard de Chardin -
"Noosphère et hypermonde" (Pierre Berger, mai 1994) :
<http://www.hypermonde.org/Ecrits/Berger/TEILHARD.htm>.
28. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin,
Creative Process Global Pathmarker :
<http://www.creativeprocess.net/gp/teilhard.html.
29. "Pleroma" in Teilhard de
Chardin - The Pleromatics Project (Donivan Bessinger, M.D.)
:
<http://members.aol.com/projbin/plerteil.htm.
30. Association des Amis de
Teilhard de Chardin :
http://www.teilhard.asso.fr/index.htm
31. Fondation Teilhard de Chardin
(Pays Bas) : <
http://home-1.worldonline.nl/~sttdc/?,
32. Le groupe de lecture Teilhard
de Chardin de Nantes : <
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/michel.bay/index.htm.
33. Dialogos - An Interactive
Journal of the Sciences, Philosophy & Theology,
dedicated to the advance of human knowledge in the
conviction that "All that rises must converge" (P. Teilhard
de Chardin) : <http://freeway.net/~dialogos/
34. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
(Duen Hsi Yen) - "This purpose of this site ... is to
facilitate the development of a collective conscious caring
world wide mind" :
<http://www.noogenesis.com/chardin.html .
35. "Teilhard de Chardin and the
Noosphere" (the Rev. Phillip J. Cunningham, C.S.P., CMC
Magazine Special Focus Issue (3/97) : Spirituality online :
<http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1997/mar/cunning.html.
36. "The Noosphere" :
<http://www.nettuno.it/fiera/electric.italy/noosphere.html.
37. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
.(Frank D. Smith, Physicist) :
<http://www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/TeildCh.html.
38. "Cyberspace and the Dream of
Teilhard de Chardin" (John R. Mabry) :
<http://members.home.net/dlature/united/ph2paper/noosph.html.
39. Quotes from "The Activation of
Energy" by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (Dale Lature, United
Theological Seminary) : <
http://members.home.net/dlature/united/ph2paper/pierretdc.html.
40. "A Globe Clothing Itself with a
Brain" (Jennifer Cobb Kreisberg ) : "Teilhard de Chardin set
down the philosophical framework for planetary, Net-based
consciousness 50 years ago" :
<http://www2.gol.com/users/coynerhm/teilhard.html.
41. "The Cerebellum Synthesis -
Cerebellum: Subtle but Central" (P.R. Celsus, University of
Michigan, July 7, 1997) :
<http://www-personal.umich.edu/~prcelsus/central.html.
42. Neur@nat "L'enseignement de la
neuroanatomie par l'image" (École Normale
Supérieure) :
<http://www.magbio.ens.fr/neuranatpro/index.html.
43. Teilhard en Chine : <
http://www.cruzio.com/~cscp/teilhard.htm.
44. La Bible sur WWW :,
Ephésiens 1- LSG :
<http://bible.gospelcom.net/cgi-bin/bible?language=Français&version=LSG&search=&passage=Ephésiens+1
45. The Bible Gateway : Ephesians 1
- RSV
:<http://bible.gospelcom.net/cgi-bin/bible?language=English&version=RSV&search=&passage=Ephesians+1.
46. FRS - Annuaire de la
Francophonie Religieuse et Spirituelle sur le Net :
<http://annuaire-frs.com/ [Choisissez (Choose)
"Champs de Recherche" (Field of Research = Search Engine) et
tapez (and type) "Teilhard"].
------------------------------------------------------------------------
English version, Richmond,
VA, U.S.A.
last update 14 April
2001.
© 1999-2001 The late Maria
Luiza Glycerio (Brazil, deceased June 2000) and Janice B.
Paulsen (U.S.A.)
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